POPs Chemical Workshop

POPs is pertinent organic chemicals, mean many chemicals include on this cathegory. General people will don't know this chemical because this kind of chemical is not include in the study, I mean cathegorized chemical in such kind like that. In lecture usually only familiar with kind of chemical like organic or unorganic chemicals, or include on metal or non metal this cathegorized is just for differentiate when study about metal characteristic.

So POPs will be a new knowledge for general student if they never read this knowledge, they will don't understand this. POPs chemical is forbiden include on other chemical or use in industry to help the process, because this pollutant will retain in the human body if can enter the body through many kind of ways. This pertinent chemicals pollutant then can make disseases of disturbance body organ work like kidney, lung, hearth, brain, pancreas and many others body organ.

Stockholm convension about POPs have been perform three times, every four year this convension held in stockhold. The first convention in 2001, include 12 chemicals include in POPs and on this convention this chemicals is called as "Dirty Dozen", in 2005 the second convention add other 9 chemicals into POPs then in 2009 add other 2 chemicals include in POPs so all 23 chemicals include in POPs so far.

What include in POPs chemicals? here are the list:

1. Aldrin, a pesticide used in soils to kill termites, grasshoppers, Western corn rootworm, and other insect pests, is also known to kill birds, fish, and humans.
2. Chlordane, a pesticide extensively used to control termites and as a broad-spectrum insecticide on a range of agricultural crops, known to have lethal effects on various species of birds, including mallard ducks, bobwhite quail, and pink shrimp. A chemical that remains in the soil for a long time, with a reported half-life of one year.
3. Dieldrin, a pesticide typically used to control termites and textile pests, as well as insect-borne diseases and insects living in agricultural soils. Sources of dieldrin also results from rapid conversion of aldrin to dieldrin in the soil, which persist in soil for a long time, with a half-lie in soil is approximately five years.
4. Endrin, an insecticide sprayed on the leaves of a variety of crops, also used to control rodents. Animals are able to metabolize endrin, so fatty tissue accumulation is not an issue with endrin, however the chemical does have a long half-life, persisting in soil for up to 12 years.
5. Heptachlor, a pesticide primarily used to kill soil insects and termites, along with cotton insects, grasshoppers, other crop pests, and malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
6. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), an industrial and technical chemical first introduced in 1945-1959 to treat seeds because if its known properties to kill fungi that affect food crops. HCB is also a by-product of the manufacture of certain industrial chemicals and exist in several pesticide formulations.
7. Mirex, an insecticide, primarily used to combat ants and termites as well as a flame retardant in plastics, rubber, and electrical goods. Surprisingly, direct mirex exposure does not appear to have injurious effects in humans, while classified as a possible human carcinogen.
8. Toxaphene, an insecticide use in cotton, cereal, grain, fruits, nuts, vegetables, as well as tick and mite control in livestock. Widespread toxaphene use in the US and chemical persistence, with a half-life of up to 12 years in soil, results in residual toxaphene in the environment.
9. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) - industrial and technical chemical as heat exchange fluids, in electrical transformers, and capacitors, and as additives in paint, carbonless copy paper, and plastics. Persistence of PCBs vary with degree of chlorination, with half-lives up 10 years. PCBs are toxic to fish at high doses, and associated with spawning failure at low doses. PCBs have also been associated with reproductive failure and immune suppression.
10. Dichlor-Diphenyl Trichloroethane (DDT) is probably the most infamous POP. DDT was widely used during WWII to protect soldiers and civilians from diseases spread by insects such as malaria and typhus.
11. Dioxins are unintentional by-products of high-temperature processes, such as incomplete combustion and pesticide production.
12. Polychlorinated dibenzofurans are also unintentional by-products of high-temperature processes such as incomplete combustion, pesticide production, and polychlorinated biphenyl production.
13. Chlordecone, a synthetic chlorinated organic compound, primarily used as an agricultural pesticide.
14. α-Hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) and β-Hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) are insecticides as well as unintentional by-products of lindane.
15. Hexabromodiphenyl ether (hexaBDE) and heptabromodiphenyl ether (heptaBDE) are main components of commercial octabromodiphenyl ether (octaBDE).
16. Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), a pesticide used as a broad spectrum insecticide for seed and soil treatment, foliar application, tree and wood treatment, and against ectoparasites in both veterinary and human applications (head lice and scabies). Production of lindane unintentionally produces the other POPs α-HCH and β-HCH
17. Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), is a pesticide, industrial chemical, and unintentional by-product produced during combustion, thermal, and industrial processes.
18. Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (tetraBDE) and pentabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE) are industrial chemicals and the main components of commercial pentabromodiphenyl ether (pentaBDE).
19. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), its salts and perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride (PFOSF) are industrial chemicals that have been intentionally produced and unintentionally resulted from the degradation of product of related anthropogenic chemicals.
20. Endosulfans are insecticides used to control crop pests, tsetse flies, and ectoparasites of cattle and as a wood preservative, as broad-range insecticide on a variety of crops including coffee, cotton, rice, sorghum, and soy. Global use of endosulfans has been either banned or is intended to be phased out.
21. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a brominated flame retardant primarily used in thermal insulation in the building industry.